Dear Parents, you know that the most valuable thing for baby nutrition is breast milk. But it happens that for some specific reason, a mother has to transfer her baby to formula feeding. With the choice of this product, you need to be extremely careful, you should not chase the cheapest products. After all, your child's health depends on it. And, of course, not unimportant factor is the correct and timely addition of new dishes to the diet of the little one. In this article, we will just talk about this.

When It's Feeding Time

It is common to introduce complementary foods with four months children who are on artificial feeding. However, there are many reasons that can affect the introduction of new products, and cause a delay in this process, or vice versa, lead to an earlier introduction of complementary foods. The same applies to babies with a natural way of eating. In particular, among such children there may be those who will start eating complementary foods from the age of 4 months, for medical reasons.

So, for example, the daughter of my friend had a very low level of iron in the blood, so they were introduced to complementary foods from the age of four months, even though the baby was breastfed.

In this matter, it is best to consult a doctor. And only he will be able to determine by the level of health, weight, development of the digestive, nervous system, as well as by behavioral skills, how ready your baby is to start feeding.

Baby signs of readiness

It is generally accepted to introduce complementary foods from the age of four months. However, all children are individual and there is no guarantee that your child will be ready to receive the first complementary foods exactly on the day of his “birth”.

Therefore, there are a number of signs by which you can determine that the time has come for the first complementary foods:

The weight of the baby is already twice as much as it was at birth.
A little test needs to be done. Take the mixture in a very small spoon and let the child drink. If everything spills by, then it’s too early for the baby to introduce complementary foods.
The baby is developing properly, both physically and mentally.
You notice that the baby is not full.
The child wants to take something from your dining table pulls objects into mouth.

In fact, one of the listed criteria is enough to make a decision on additional nutrition. However, it is best to initially consult with a doctor, and with one who has been observing your baby since birth and knows the child, his needs, motor activity not worse than you. Only he can give the final answer to the question of whether your baby is ready for the first feeding or not.

Rules for adding products

When you have decided on the time to introduce complementary foods, you need to find out the rules by which this process will be successful, and the baby will be happy to perceive the diversity of his diet.

Introduce foods with a low level of allergenicity to your child first. At such an early age, you should not take risks and experiment.
You can not listen to what your mother, grandmother advises. Today, research in baby nutrition has reached a new level. Much that was considered correct then is refuted today. Therefore, when you decide to start supplementing your baby, do it right, relying only on the latest developments in this area.
At four months, the baby's digestive system may not be strong enough yet. So be prepared that the introduction of complementary foods may not go as smoothly as you would like.
You need to introduce new products one at a time, so that you can accurately determine what the baby has an allergy to.
The crumbs are given dishes of a liquid consistency and a homogeneous composition, the presence of lumps is avoided.
For the first time, the baby needs to be given complementary foods in tiny portions (no more than half a teaspoon) to see how the body reacts. If during the day no changes in the well-being of the child were revealed, then it is worth gradually increasing the portion of complementary foods daily and at the same time lowering the volume of the mixture consumed. Thus, already in ten days to reach the age norm. If the little one showed at least some deviations from the norm, then the introduction of such a product should be canceled and postponed for a month or another.
It is important to give complementary foods on an empty stomach, and not after the baby has already managed to get enough of the mixture.
It is better to introduce new dishes before lunch. So you will have enough time before night to have time to identify allergies in crumbs.
Try to teach your child to eat from a spoon and drink from a cup from the first day. Let him slowly get used to the adult way of eating.
must be adhered to correct mode feeding. The kid should get used to the fact that you have a strictly timed meal. Yes, and so you will be sure that the child has already managed to get hungry and he needs to be given a new portion of food.

Table of proper complementary foods for months up to a year

There is a table by which you can trace how, when and how much the baby should receive new foods in his diet.

Name of products	Baby's age by month
Name of products	4	5	6	7	8 and 9	10 and 12
Vegetable puree	Up to 30 grams	Up to 100 grams	Up to 150 grams	Up to 160 grams	Up to 180 grams	Up to 200 grams
Fruit puree	Up to 30 grams	Up to 50 grams	Up to 60 grams	60 grams	Up to 80 grams	Up to 100 grams
Juice	Up to 30 ml	Up to 50 ml	Up to 60 ml	60 ml	Up to 80 ml	Up to 100 ml
Porridge without milk	Max. 100 ml	Up to 100 ml
Porridge with milk			up to 100 ml	150 ml	Up to 180 ml	200 ml
Vegetable oil)		Not more than 3 ml	3 ml	3 ml	5 ml	6 ml
Butter)			Up to 4 grams	4 grams	5 grams	6 grams
Yolk			Quarter	Quarter	Half	Whole
Kefir			Up to 30 ml	Up to 100 ml	Up to 200 ml	Up to 400 ml
Cottage cheese			Up to 30 grams	40 grams	40 grams	50 grams
Cookies for the little ones				Up to 5 grams	5 grams	Up to 15 grams
Meat (mashed potatoes)				Up to 30 grams	50 grams	Up to 70 grams
Fish (mashed)					Up to 30 grams	Up to 60 grams

Baby's diet by month

At the age of four months, it is worth introducing fruit puree and juice.

By about 9 months, the child develops a stable feeding schedule: frequency, time, dosage. All basic complementary foods have already been introduced, but breast milk or formula is still the mainstay of nutrition. Still, mothers are at a loss in what sequence, in what quantity to give food. to kid aged up to a year. Here are several options for you menu for children aged 9 months up to 1 year in tables. With the help of convenient tables, it will be easier for mothers to draw up a nutrition plan for the baby, taking into account age features and individual preferences. Learn, choose, apply.

Weekly menu for a child from 9 months to 1 year

The menu of our mothers and grandmothers: from the book "Mother and Child", 1954, authors B. A. Arkhangelsky and G. N. Speransky - members of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. The sample menu is designed for 5 main feedings per day (click on the table to enlarge it)

Features of the menu for children under 1 year old

1 - 3 month old baby eats only breast milk or milk formula.
In menu 4 - 5 month old baby- artificial, the first complementary foods are introduced.
The menu of breastfed children up to 6 months does not include additional dishes. By this time, breast milk no longer fulfills the nutritional needs of the growing baby.
A child of 6-7 months eats 4-5 times a day, the menu becomes varied and looks something like this:

Options for the daily menu of a child up to a year (table)

Table "Child's menu 6-7 months«

Menu for children 8 – 9 months

From 8 - 9 one month old meat, fish, cottage cheese, kefir are added to the menu:

Sample menu for 1 day for a child 10 months:

Aged 10-11 months in the evening feeding, milk can be replaced with kefir, gradually weaning the baby from the breast. Children's menu 10-11 months must contain:

breast milk or formula
milk oatmeal
rice or buckwheat porridge
vegetable broth
meat dishes
vegetable puree
fruit purees
vermicelli
egg yolk
kefir
kissel

Number of breastfeeds up to a year

Up to six months, babies eat only mother's milk, but later they need to get acquainted with the products that adult children and their parents eat. Babies, of course, can be difficult to get used to new foods, but it is necessary to introduce the first complementary foods, since the baby cannot eat only milk. Let's look at what complementary foods are and how to introduce them.

Nutrition for children up to a year by months

Complementary foods are an introduction to new foods

Introduce first food need under medical supervision. A baby who was born prematurely may receive complementary foods earlier, as he needs more vitamins.

During growth, the child draws a lot of energy for the development of organs, for this it is necessary to introduce complementary foods. Meals should be according to the regime and the corresponding tables. The baby needs to receive a huge amount of vitamins, micro and macro elements, because he develops nervous system, vital organs grow and it is necessary that everything be in order and the child does not grow up with underdevelopment, it is necessary to devote a lot of time to his nutrition, physical and mental condition.

You need to attach the baby to the breast in the first 30 minutes after birth, as he is used to eating in utero and he needs to get food as soon as possible, and as soon as possible to understand whether the baby can take the breast himself or he needs to insert special probes. Because for a child this is something new, something unconscious, but he feels you and already knows that he needs something to eat.

There is a so-called corrective food: with poor weight gain, doctors introduce a lot of carbohydrates into the baby's diet, with anemia, you need to introduce foods containing a lot of iron.

Let's set when to introduce complementary foods to a baby:

Start introducing food in small portions. It is very important for the baby that the mother shows that this food is very tasty, then he can try it, but if you show that the food is tasteless, then he will not eat it, you need to show it is very tasty. Give your child a teaspoon every day and increase the dosage every day.

From 7 months

You need to add newer foods: cereals, fruit purees, it is also necessary to give protein foods such as cottage cheese or kefir. It is important that the feeding table is as follows: three times with breast milk and three times with complementary foods, if the baby does not want to eat complementary foods, do not force him, remember: this is new for him.

From 8 months

Should try meat dishes, can be in the form of a soufflé or puree. You need to buy very fresh meat dietary veal, rabbit or turkey. Doctors recommend giving meat every day about 50 grams. Or this puree can be purchased in stores, it is sold as baby puree with meat. It is already possible to add yolk to the feeding regimen, previously it was impossible due to high allergenicity. The yolk should be given in the morning, the fourth part, and the child should be observed, as it is said that the yolk is a very strong allergen. Give the yolk about twice a week.

Baby already you can enter the feeding mode of the fish, only it should not be oily, so it is better to introduce sea-grade fish into complementary foods for a one-year-old child. And you can also cook cod or pollock. Remember that the child does not know how to chew yet and you need to clean the fish well from the husk and bones. You need to cook fish for a couple or in boiled water for about 20 minutes. Fish should be given about twice a week and in no case should you give canned fish up to two years.

From 9 months

Teaching a child to hold a spoon. Mommy's milk is no longer the main thing in feeding the baby. You should also be prepared for the fact that the baby will spill puddles of mashed potatoes and have a smeared face, but you should not worry, take it more fun. You, too, were small and your parents were also worried that you were smeared with mashed potatoes. Take it more fun. Somehow you need to teach your child independence.

From 10 months

Our baby should already hold the spoon and try to eat. In order for a one-year-old baby to be able to eat on his own, you can use clever tricks that parents often use.

In the children's store, buy a deep plate.
Put a spoon in your child's plate and put a separate plate for yourself and show your baby how you eat.
Put on a plate what the baby really likes.
As mentioned before, don't tell the baby that he has awkward movements.
The child should be praised.

Let's talk further about what a one-year-old baby needs to include in the diet. Products that we have introduced before, should not be excluded from the diet. Now you need to cook your butuzu porridge with the addition of raisins, pears and many other fruits, but not those that cause a very big allergy.

At this age, you can already give cottage cheese casseroles. Also make meatballs, since the baby already has teeth and needs to chew, everyone knows that when a person chews, the stomach secretes more gastric juice, which allows you to better digest food. Meatballs are boiled in salted water for about fifteen minutes.

From 11 months

The baby should already learn to chew. Until this time, the baby is already familiar with almost all categories of products. We can say that our one year old baby already a master of cooking, because he has already overcome a long way and knows many products, their taste and smell. But still, we still have a certain regime: three times the baby should eat fully and there should still be two small snacks.

In one year

Your baby is already eating everything from your table, at your discretion you can stop breastfeeding, but remember that pediatricians advise feed up to two years. I have some advice for when to wean a year.

you can’t do this in the summer, because summer is the height intestinal infections;
when weaning the baby from the breast, you should explain to him that he is an adult, and tell him how delicious the food that you and he eat is;
And in no case do this when the child is sick

So the results are summed up, and you already know how to properly feed your baby.

Preferably artificial, but not all women have the opportunity to breastfeed. In such situations, it is necessary to consult a pediatrician in order to choose the most suitable milk formula for the baby, corresponding to his age and health condition.

Advantages and disadvantages of artificial nutrition

Many babies from the first days of life are on artificial feeding, and every year their number increases. The increase in the percentage of "artificial" is directly related to the deterioration of the environment, malnutrition of the adult population, which affects the state of health, as well as the inability of mothers to be constantly close to their children. There is, perhaps, one single advantage in feeding a newborn child with milk mixtures - such a baby will not have to be transferred from breastfeeding on an artificial one and his body will not need to adapt to a new nutritional composition. In the event that a mother has a choice between artificial and natural feeding, before starting to feed her baby with milk mixtures, she needs to familiarize herself with their positive and negative sides:

pros

The ability to leave the child with relatives or a nanny due to employment;
In the case, it is enough to simply replace the milk formula with a more suitable one, and not look for the cause in your own diet;
The ability to see the amount of formula drunk by the child from the bottle. A breastfeeding woman can find out about the missing amount of milk only if the baby is underweight;
The frequency of feeding is less than with natural feeding. The fact is that breast milk is digested by the baby's body much faster than formula milk.

Minuses

The absence in the milk mixture of special enzymes contained only in mother's milk. Formula-fed babies are much more likely to have allergic reactions and colds than in infants;
Frequent regurgitation and. When eating through a bottle, the baby swallows excess air, which causes bloating and discomfort;
Bottle disinfection and formula preparation. It is customary to feed children who are bottle-fed according to a certain regimen, but each baby has an individual need for the number and frequency of meals, and this depends on many factors. A suddenly hungry baby can be fed much faster;
Mixture selection. It takes time to choose the right mixture, and if it does not fit, the child suffers;
Financial expenses. Milk formula good quality cannot be cheap, and as the child grows older, more is needed.

Monthly formula feeding table

The data in the table is approximate. The pediatrician who monitors the child's weight gain will help you determine the individual daily need of the baby for milk formula.

Start of complementary foods

The first complementary foods of a formula-fed baby can be carried out when they reach 3 months. Best Product to start complementary foods - apple juice. You need to start with 0.5 teaspoon per day, diluting it by half boiled water. If the baby feels fine, you can try other natural juices as complementary foods, but not from exotic fruits.

With normal digestibility of natural juices, fruit and vegetable puree can be introduced into complementary foods at 4-5 months. You need to start with 0.5 teaspoon per day, gradually increasing the amount.

3-4 weeks after the baby has met the puree, you can introduce cereals (corn, buckwheat and rice) into the diet. If you are not allergic to lactose, you can cook them in milk. After 6-7 months, the baby's digestive system becomes quite strong, so you can also use oatmeal, semolina, wheat and barley groats to make porridge.

After 8 months, you can gradually introduce boiled meat into the baby's complementary foods, first chicken and turkey, then beef.

After 9 months, the child's menu can be varied with boiled fish.

Complementary feeding scheme

Video: Dr. Komarovsky about artificial feeding

Menstruation with artificial feeding

Postpartum discharge from the uterus is natural for every woman who has given birth, and they last about 6 weeks. In women whose children are bottle-fed from the first days of life, menstruation may begin from the third month of the child's life, but they will not become regular immediately. If after 5 months after giving birth, the menstrual cycle has not begun, or the periods are too plentiful, immediately consult a doctor for help.

Next up is porridge. We will postpone the traditionally beloved semolina porridge for up to a year, since it contains gluten (in some children, this protein can cause gluten enteropathy), and pay attention to gluten-free varieties: rice, buckwheat and corn (we are talking about a special children's corn porridge). Moreover, if the baby has a tendency to constipation, start with buckwheat, in the presence of exudative diathesis - with rice or corn porridge. Switching to milk porridge (with cow's milk) in the first year of a child's life is not at all necessary, and even more so, you should not cook porridge with whole milk. It is better to use mixtures intended for children 6-12 months.

How to cook porridge?

Sort and rinse the cereal well, boil the porridge - preferably in water, then you can add expressed breast milk. If the child is bottle-fed, the mixture used in the diet can be added to the cooked porridge. Then it is better to rub the porridge through a sieve and bring it to a boil again. Another option is also possible - grind the cereal in advance in a coffee grinder (provided that the latter is well washed and there are no coffee residues in it). The ratio of cereals and water for home cooking gradually changes: in the first 2-3 weeks, the child receives 5% porridge (that is, 5 g of cereal per 100 ml of water), later, if the product is well tolerated, 10% (that is, 10 g of cereal per 100 ml of water) .

You can also buy ready-made porridge industrial production. Choose those that do not contain sugar - the taste of the child is different from yours, and it is not worth accustoming the baby to sweets early.

At first, dilute the porridge exactly according to the instructions, later you can be less accurate, gradually increasing the density of the porridge with age. But even very liquid porridge must be given with a spoon, and not use a bottle for this.

Porridge is introduced into the menu in much the same way as vegetable puree. But, unlike vegetables, porridge is given for breakfast:

6.00 - breast milk or formula (200 g)
10.00 - dairy-free porridge (10-15 g) plus breast milk or formula (185-190 g)

At 10-hour feeding, gradually increase the volume of porridge to 150 g and reduce the volume of the mixture to 50 ml.

By the end of the week, you get the following menu:

6.00 - breast milk or formula (200 g)
10.00 - dairy-free porridge (150 g) plus breast milk or formula (50 g)
14.00 - vegetable puree (150 g) plus mixture (50 g.)
18.00 - breast milk or formula (200 g.)
22.00 - breast milk or formula (200 g.)

Just as with the introduction of vegetable puree, you need to monitor how the baby learns a new product for himself. Pay attention to the condition of the skin, stool, weight gain. After introducing the full volume of porridge (150 g) into the diet, butter is added to the finished dish (5 g of oil per 150 g of porridge).

And don't forget: that at night, a natural child can be given a breast, and a bottle-fed baby - only water, but not a mixture.

With extreme caution

Some parents already at the age of 3-4 months begin to introduce juices and even fruit purees into the baby's diet. It is unlikely that such an approach to nutrition can be considered correct, but if this happened and fruits are normally absorbed by the body,

the menu will look like this:

6.00 - breast milk (mixture 200 g.)
10.00 - dairy-free porridge 150 g plus breast milk (juice or fruit puree - 30 ml)
14.00 - vegetable puree 150 g plus breast milk (juice or fruit puree - 40 ml)
18.00 - breast milk (mixture 200 g.)
22.00 - breast milk (mixture 200 g.)

The amount of juice and fruit puree per day is calculated according to the following formula: N x 10 ml, where N is the child's age in months. Thus, a seven-month-old child can receive 70 ml of juice or 70 ml of fruit puree per day.

Another product that can be introduced into the diet of a baby at this age is egg yolk, hard-boiled. This is a valuable source of healthy fats, vitamin A, as well as iron, phosphorus and some other minerals, but at first the child is allowed to try only a few grains. In the absence of an allergic reaction, the amount can be increased to half 1 yolk 2 times a week, and by the year - up to 1 yolk every other day (or half a yolk every day). The yolk is ground with breast milk or a mixture, given with porridge or vegetable puree.

Celiac enteropathy is an intestinal disease associated with insufficient production of enzymes that break down gluten, a vegetable protein found in some cereals: rye, barley, oats, and also in wheat, from which semolina is made.

Child's menu by month. Month 8th

Meat for baby

Meat is a valuable source of animal protein and minerals (phosphorus, potassium, iron). It can be lean beef or veal, lean pork, horse meat, venison, rabbit or chicken, and tongue.

ATTENTION. Veal and chicken require caution. If a child has an intolerance to cow's milk, it is better to refuse veal, and chicken in some cases can cause an allergic reaction.

Cook at home. If you are preparing meat puree at home, remember that it must be very well chopped, because the baby is not yet able to chew properly. Boil meat without fat, cleaned of veins and films, and turn it twice through a meat grinder, then wipe through a sieve. But even in this form, at first, the baby may not like it, because in its consistency it differs from the usual mushy food. So that the child does not have a negative reaction to this necessary product, you can mix minced meat with vegetable puree in the first days. After a week or two, try not to mix it with vegetables, but give it separately. To keep the minced meat dry, mash it with breast milk or formula, and put the puree on a plate on the side as a side dish.

At 9 months, a child can be offered meatballs, and at a year - steam cutlets. Meat broths are not used in the nutrition of children of the first year of life - they contain substances boiled out from meat and can negatively affect the children's body. It is much more useful to use vegetable broths without salt and spices for cooking meat dishes (they will also be very useful for a young mother, who often suffers from excess weight accumulated during pregnancy). Use all cooked meat dishes immediately, do not store.

Shop puree. If you prefer to buy ready-made baby food, choose mashed potatoes made from one type of meat (mono) without spices or potato starch. This is especially important if the child is prone to food allergies. It is necessary to select a meat product for it, taking into account individual tolerance. In the future, you can expand the range of meat dishes by introducing canned meat and vegetable, but you still need to pay attention to their composition and degree of grinding (the age from which this product can be used is indicated on the package). Many canned meat and vegetable products contain carrots, besides, it is often included in various juices - healthy children can be given these products no more than 1-2 times a week, otherwise excess beta-carotene will be deposited in the skin, and it can turn yellow.

At first, it is convenient to use jars baby food labeled "Stage 1". In them, the volume of the product is small, and the meat puree is subject to the greatest degree of grinding.

The contents of the jars are sterile, ready to use and, regardless of seasonality, include the necessary nutrients.

When choosing mashed potatoes for a child, one should pay attention to the indicated age recommendations, that is, the terms from which this product can be introduced into the baby's diet. Unfortunately, these instructions do not always coincide with the recommendations of domestic pediatricians and nutritionists. Therefore, before you buy and even more so give your child something new, you should first consult with a specialist.

We accustom gradually

You can start introducing meat puree into the child’s diet literally from half a teaspoon, then, the next day, if the product is well tolerated, a teaspoon (5 g). Over the next week, the volume of complementary foods is adjusted to 5-6 teaspoons (25-30 g). A full portion of meat at the 9th, 10th month - 40 g, and by 11-12 months - 50-70 g per day.

An 8 month old baby's menu might look something like this:

6:00 - breast milk or formula (200 g);

10:00 - dairy-free porridge (150 g), ½ yolk (after the introduction of meat, it is advisable to transfer the yolk to breakfast), breast milk or a mixture (50 g);

14:00 (lunch) - vegetable broth (20-30 ml), vegetable puree (150 g), meat puree (30 g), breast milk or formula (50 g). Of course, you can give not just broth, but actually vegetable soup (vegetable broth and some mashed vegetables);

18:00 - breast milk or formula (200 g);

22:00 - breast milk or formula (200 g).

If juices and fruit purees were introduced earlier (at 3-4 months), then the menu may look different:

6:00 - breast milk (mixture 200 g);

10:00 - dairy-free porridge (150 g), ½ yolk, juice (20-30 ml), fruit puree or breast milk (30-40 ml);

14:00 (lunch) - vegetable broth (20-30 ml), vegetable puree (150 g), meat puree (30 g), juice or breast milk (30-40 ml);

18:00 - breast milk or formula (160-170 g), fruit puree (30-40 ml);

22:00 - breast milk (mixture 200 g).

Recall that the volume of each feeding is approximately 200-250 ml. Thus, per day (with a five-time feeding regimen), the child receives about 1000 ml of food.

When buying canned meat for future use, pay attention to the expiration date: it should be “with a margin” of up to one and a half years.
Reheat canned meats just before eating.

An open glass jar with unused puree can be stored in the refrigerator, but not more than a day.

The contents of the opened tin can should be transferred to a glass dish with a lid and also stored in the refrigerator. There is another solution: one of the household members will eat the half-eaten food.

Child's menu by month. Month 9

Cottage cheese, according to officially existing in our country guidelines, can be introduced into the diet from 5-6 months. In practice, such an early introduction of cottage cheese into the menu of a healthy child is not always justified: an excess of proteins in the baby’s diet at an early age can “respond” in an unpleasant way during adulthood- high blood pressure and metabolic disorders. Some pediatricians insist that until the baby is 1 year old, you need to refrain from cottage cheese. But most often the child is offered to “acquaint” with this protein product from about 8-9 months (after the introduction of porridge, vegetable and meat puree).

The introduction of kefir also requires careful attention. Research recent years showed that this should not be done until the baby is 9 months old. The fact is that its earlier use can adversely affect the child's body: the use of 400 ml of kefir per day can cause hemorrhages in the intestines with the development of anemia.

With the introduction of fermented milk products, the type of feeding of the child also matters. Recently, in the publications of domestic nutritionists, the following order of introduction of complementary foods is recommended. For a naturalist child: vegetable puree, then meat, cereals, cottage cheese, kefir, etc. For an artificial child, the order of prescribing complementary foods may correspond to traditional recommendations: vegetable puree, cereals, meat, cottage cheese, etc.

Cottage cheese

Cottage cheese, like any fermented milk product, is given to the baby once a day. It is better to introduce it into the 18-hour feeding: on the first day, you can give no more than ½ teaspoon. The increase should take place as slowly as possible: first, the volume is brought to 20 g, then to 30-35 g, and only by the year the volume of cottage cheese can be increased to about 50 g per day.

Of course, it is not permissible to use cottage cheese bought in a regular store in the diet of the crumbs - only a special children's one is suitable for these purposes. However, cottage cheese can be prepared at home (it is stored in the refrigerator for no more than 24 hours). Domestic nutritionists offer two cooking options: fresh (calcined) and sour (kefir).

Calcined cottage cheese is prepared using a solution of calcium chloride purchased from a pharmacy. To 3 ml of this drug add 300 ml of milk, which is pre-boiled and cooled. The resulting mixture is stirred, brought to a boil (it is desirable to use enamelware), then cooled to room temperature. The resulting curd is thrown onto a sieve covered with clean gauze, squeezed and transferred to a sterile dish.

For the preparation of sour cottage cheese, children's or one percent kefir is used. It is poured into a jar, which is placed in a pot of water. A cloth napkin is first placed at the bottom of the pan (so that the jar does not burst). 5 minutes after the water boils, the clot formed in the jar is thrown back onto clean gauze. As soon as the cottage cheese has cooled down, it can be given to the baby. To get 50 grams of cottage cheese, you need about 100 grams. kefir.

Kefir

Kefir, like cottage cheese, is usually offered for "dinner" - at 18-hour feeding. Start also with a small volume (20-30 ml) and gradually bring it up to 200 ml. Do not exceed the recommended amount. Be sure to feed from a cup.

Of course, this should not be an "adult" sour-milk drink, but its children's version(“Theme”, “Agusha”, etc.), the composition and quality of which best meets the needs of your baby.

It is possible to use fermented milk mixtures intended for children aged 6 to 12 months. (especially if the child does not like the taste of traditional kefir). As with other foods, do not force feed your baby. But it is better not to leave a portion unfinished (in extreme cases, if there is no one to finish the portion, the cup can be left in the refrigerator until the next day).

When fermented milk products are introduced in full, the menu may look like this:

6.00 - breast milk or formula (200 ml)

10.00 - porridge (150 ml), egg (½ yolk), breast milk or formula (50 ml)

14.00 - vegetable broth (20-30 ml), vegetable puree (150 ml), meat puree (35-40 g), breast milk

18.00 - kefir or fermented milk mixture (170-180 ml), cottage cheese (20-30 g)

Another menu option is for a baby already familiar with juices and fruit purees:

6.00 - breast milk or formula (200 ml)

10.00 - porridge (150 ml), egg (½ yolk), fruit puree (30-40 ml), juice or breast milk (20-30 ml)

14.00 - vegetable broth (20-30 ml), vegetable puree (150 g), meat puree (35-40 g), juice or breast milk (60-70 ml)

18.00 - kefir or fermented milk mixture (150 ml), cottage cheese (20-30 g), fruit puree or breast milk (50-60 ml)

22.00 - breast milk or formula (200 ml)

After any meal, if the child wishes, you can give him breast milk.

Bread and other products

If your baby already has front teeth (there may be four or five by this age), then along with kefir you can offer him a special children's instant biscuit. Once in the mouth, such cookies dissolve easily under the action of saliva, so that the danger of choking is practically eliminated. However, the child should eat early only in your presence. Start small, literally with 3-5g of cookies, then work your way up to 10-15g.

From the moment the baby began to be introduced to a new food other than breast milk or formula, most of the time was spent gradually introducing new foods and monitoring their absorption. Therefore, there was practically no opportunity for a variety of dishes. But after you make sure that the child tolerates kefir and cottage cheese well (the tummy does not hurt, there are no skin rashes, normal stools), try introducing new types of cereals, vegetable and meat purees. And do not forget: everything should happen gradually. You can enter only one per day New Product, no more, and you need to start with small doses.

Anemia is anemia, a condition characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood. Since hemoglobin carries oxygen, its deficiency leads to painful changes associated with a poor supply of oxygen to the body.

Child's menu by month. Month 10th

Juices and fruit purees

If over the past months the introduction of new products into the child’s diet has passed without complications and painful reactions of the body, if you have not had to interrupt the process, postponing further expansion of the menu, then your baby is ready for juices and fruit purees to appear on his menu. To date, among experts there is no consensus on the timing of their introduction. But they agree on one thing: juices and fruit purees in the first year menu may appear much later than previously recommended (at 3-4 months, as the first complementary food product). After all, the main purpose of introducing new food into the children's diet is to provide the baby's body with more energy and nutrients necessary for active growth and development, while breast milk or milk formula can no longer meet the needs of a fairly large child in basic nutritional ingredients. It has been established that the nutritional value of fruit juices and purees is not high, they provide only 2% of the crumbs in vitamins, and can also irritate the intestines, causing bloating, rumbling, abdominal pain and unstable stools or allergic reactions. Such phenomena postpone the introduction of new complementary foods, and the baby remains in the "lose". Based on this, pediatricians and pediatric nutritionists first of all recommend enriching the child's diet with foods that really have nutritional value: vegetable purees, cereals, meat purees. The appearance of fruit juices and purees in the baby's menu can be considered as a pleasant addition. Therefore, one of the options for the timing of the introduction of juices can be as follows: their introduction after all the main complementary foods, at about 10 months. Of course, if the child is transferred to artificial feeding, then it is quite possible for him to introduce juices and fruit purees in more early dates(at 4-5 months; it is believed that the gastrointestinal tract of an artificial baby has time to adapt to “foreign” food by this time), which corresponds to the current methodological recommendations of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia. Usually, acquaintance begins with literally a few drops of apple juice (as the least allergenic, with good digestibility and low acidity) in one of the morning feedings. If the baby liked the juice, the stool has not changed, and there are no rashes on the skin, then the next day feel free to increase the portion of the drink to a teaspoon, and then gradually increase it to 100 ml. It is not at all necessary to give the entire portion at once: divide into two doses (for breakfast and lunch; keep an open jar in the refrigerator). When using commercial baby juices, choose clarified and no added sugar. To make juice at home, you will need a juicer and sterilized dishes (for ready-made juice), but it is also possible to use a plastic grater (pour well-washed green apples with boiling water, peel, grate, transfer to sterile gauze and squeeze the juice). Be sure to dilute the resulting juice with boiled water (at the rate of 1:1).

After getting used to apple juice, crumbs can be offered other types of juice: pear, plum, cherry, apricot, peach, blackcurrant; as well as vegetables: carrot, cabbage, beetroot. It is desirable to postpone grape juice for a later period (after a year), as it increases gas formation in the intestines, causing bloating and pain in the abdomen.

Since the child is already well acquainted with solid foods, after the introduction of the full volume of apple juice (and if it is well tolerated), applesauce can also be offered (starting with 5-10 g and in just a few days bringing the daily volume to 100 g).

So the kid's menu might look like this:

10.00 - porridge (150 ml), egg (½ yolk), applesauce (30-40 ml), apple juice (20-30 ml);

14.00 - vegetable broth (20-30 ml), vegetable puree (150 g), meat puree (35-40 g), apple juice (60-70 ml);

18.00 - kefir or fermented milk mixture (150 ml), cottage cheese (20-30 g), applesauce (50-60 ml);

But the introduction of new types of juice and fruit puree, again, should be gradual (with observation of the stool and skin).

Note: some types of juices and purees have a fixing effect - they can cause constipation (blueberry, blackcurrant, pomegranate, cherry juices, apple and banana puree), so they are useful for children with unstable stools (of course, not replacing the necessary treatment for possible pathology). And apple-apricot puree, prune puree, cabbage and beetroot juices can be given to children with a tendency to constipation.

Meat dishes

What else will change in the diet of a ten-month-old baby? Meat puree can be alternated with meatballs, soufflé or meatballs. In stores or departments of baby food, ready-made meatballs from turkey or veal in broth are sold, produced specifically for children (without the addition of spices, preservatives, and other additives harmful to the child's body). But it is not difficult to prepare them yourself.

meat recipes

Meatballs: the meat is cleaned of films, fat, passed through a meat grinder along with wheat bread soaked in milk, again passed through a meat grinder. Add a little milk (mixture), butter and yolk, knead well, form meatballs and cook in boiling water for 10-15 minutes.

Animal or bird meat soufflé: cook meat, peeled from films and fat, pass twice through a meat grinder, add milk (mixture), flour, egg yolk and mix thoroughly, then add egg white whipped into foam. Put the mass into greased molds and bake in the oven until fully cooked for about half an hour.

Allergy Danger

If the baby had allergic reactions to any products, then it is worth waiting with the introduction of chicken meat and fish into the diet (at least until the age of 1-1.5 years). Such children are recommended rabbit meat, horse meat, turkey, lean pork, beef. We remind you that foods with high allergenicity (that is, more often than others causing allergic reactions) include whole milk, fish, eggs, seafood (shrimp, mussels, squid, etc.), carrots, tomatoes, strawberries, raspberries, oranges, tangerines, kiwi , pineapples, pomegranates, mango, melon, persimmon, chocolate, mushrooms, nuts, honey, wheat, rye.

Of the products with medium allergenicity (but also often causing allergic reactions), bananas and chicken meat should be noted. As a rule, such products are recommended for use in baby food after the baby is one year old (and nuts, mushrooms, seafood - after 3 years).

It must be remembered that for a healthy baby of ten months, up to 100-150 ml of additional fluid is needed (it can be offered between feedings): this can be boiled water, a decoction of wild rose, as well as an infusion of apples. per day, and in hot weather - up to 180-200 ml. Preparing a rosehip decoction is not at all difficult: wash and dry the rosehips, chop, dip in boiling water for 10 minutes, then leave for 3-4 hours (preferably in a thermos). After that, strain and add some fructose. An infusion of apples is prepared in approximately the same way: rinse the apples thoroughly, cut them, pour boiling water over them and boil for 10 minutes, and then insist for a day. Fructose can be added to the finished infusion.

Child's menu by month. Month 11th

What, how and in what volume to feed the baby is one of the favorite topics of long conversations and discussions among young mothers on the playground. After all, the health of the baby directly depends on proper nutrition. Of course, this can only be judged by a number of factors. If the baby is gaining weight well and gaining height (while the weight of the child corresponds to his height - there is no excess or deficiency of body weight in relation to height), if the baby is cheerful, not irritable, sleeps calmly, his teeth erupt in time, psychomotor development corresponds age, the blood test is normal (the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin values are normal, i.e., there are no signs of anemia), while you adhere to the recommended feeding volumes and a set of products, then most likely the child’s diet is correct.

Eleven months is the age when the baby, on the one hand, has already grown so much that he can receive almost all types of food (cereals, vegetables, meat, cottage cheese and other dairy products, bakery products, fruits), on the other hand, his nutrition has its own characteristics.

Recall:

- it is desirable to introduce some types of foods at an older age (at 1-3 years), for example, foods that have a high ability to cause allergies: exotic fruits, citrus fruits, nuts, whole milk, fish, etc.;

- the degree of grinding food is still different from the "adult";

- lack of spices, potato starch and other additives in food;

- Food is steamed or boiled. Offering fried or grilled meals is not worth at least 3 years.

So, the menu of a child at the age of eleven months looks something like this:

6.00 - breast milk or mixture (200 ml);

10.00 - porridge (150 ml), egg (½ yolk), fruit puree (30-40 ml), fruit juice (20-30 ml);

14.00 - vegetable broth (20-30 ml), vegetable puree (150 g), meat puree (35-40 g), fruit juice (60-70 ml);

18.00 - kefir or fermented milk mixture (150 ml), cottage cheese (20-30 g), fruit puree (50-60 ml);

22.00 - breast milk or formula (200 ml).

After each feeding (and at any time - at the request of the child), breast milk can be offered.

How to diversify the baby's diet?

What can you offer him, for example, for lunch as a meat dish? This is a steam cutlet, and a soufflé from various types of meat, and meatballs. For garnish - mashed vegetables (potatoes, zucchini, pumpkin, carrots, etc.). As a "snack" by the year, a healthy child is also allowed salads from raw vegetables (for example, carrots seasoned with vegetable oil or cucumber and tomato salad with vegetable oil or natural yogurt, or baby cream). Vegetables are rubbed on a grater. At the end of the dinner, offer the baby juice, jelly, fruit compote, rosehip infusion.

A gradual transition to an "adult" diet will lead to the formation of breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea and dinner, plus a glass of baby kefir (children's drinking yogurt) before bed.

Breakfast- porridge, yolk, fruit puree.

Dinner- vegetable salad, soup, vegetable puree, meat puree (cutlet, meatballs, etc.), juice.

afternoon tea- kefir (children's drinking yogurt), cottage cheese (curd soufflé), juice.

Dinner- vegetable puree, meat or cereal-vegetable dish, fruit puree or juice.

Before bedtime- sour milk drink.

Some moms may get the impression that now you need to spend the whole day in the kitchen. But everything is not so scary. You can combine the preparation of children's meals at home with industrial products. For example, prepare a vegetable soup and add ready-made baby food to it - turkey or beef meatballs. By the way, such meatballs can be prepared independently from fresh meat, then form portions (for example, 8-10 pieces, depending on their size and the age of the baby). You can store such semi-finished products in the freezer and use as needed. You can mix "homemade" mashed potatoes with ready-made mashed potatoes in a jar of carrots, zucchini or pumpkin. The range of industrial cereals offered in children's stores is also very wide. You can diversify breakfasts by mixing different cereals (for example, oatmeal with milk and peach and buckwheat porridge).

And do not forget that you need to cook food only in a good mood, not to mention the fact that the feeding process should be joyful and enjoyable for both you and the baby.

Child's menu by month. 1 year

If you are one of the mothers who have maintained lactation to this day, do not rush to wean your beloved child from the breast. Research confirms the value of even episodic breastfeeding of a child in the second year of life. So, in the morning and in the evening (or at any time and in any place), we continue to give the baby not only food, but also a sense of peace, security and confidence in mother's love.

During this time, the baby's diet has also expanded significantly: now it is not only breast milk or formula, but also other types of products. Let's take a closer look.

So, for breakfast you can offer porridge plus half the yolk, fruit puree (fruits can be added to porridge). A one-year-old baby can be given both gluten-free (corn, buckwheat, rice) and gluten-containing cereals (wheat, oatmeal, semolina). The volume of porridge remains the same - 150 - 200 ml. Do not forget to add butter (5 g) to the porridge. From drinks - tea, fruit infusion, juice. Another breakfast option is a steam omelet, both from yolks and proteins. Daily rate egg consumption - ½ pieces, but since you will give an omelette only 2-3 times a week, a single serving will increase accordingly. For scrambled eggs - a piece of bread with butter (at the age of one to one and a half years, a baby can receive up to 15 - 20 g of butter per day) or cheese and a drink (compote, jelly). Bread for a child of this age is better to choose white varieties, as it is easier to digest (volume - up to 40 g per day).

Dinner you can start with a vegetable salad - from cucumbers, tomatoes or carrots, finely chopped or grated on a coarse grater, with the addition vegetable oil(5-7 g) or sour cream (5-10 g). Soup options: milk with vermicelli (note: pasta give not often - about 1 time per week, in a small amount of 30-35 g), vegetable (from cauliflower, cabbage soup, borscht, etc., including mashed soups). On the second - vegetable puree (after twelve months, turnips, beets, radishes, green peas, beans are added to already consumed vegetables) and a meat dish (note that the meat is cooked separately, not in soup) - mashed potatoes, soufflé or meatballs. Potatoes should not be abused, as they contain a large amount of starch that can provoke allergies, frequent stools, increased gas formation, excessive accumulation of fatty tissue). Therefore, it is better if the volume of potatoes is no more than 1/3 of the total volume of vegetable puree. After a year, the baby's diet expands due to offal (tongue, heart, liver) and chicken meat. Fatty varieties of pork, lamb, as well as indigestible duck and goose meat are not recommended for such babies. And, of course, you don’t need to offer your child sausages, sausages or sausages. 1 - 2 times a week, instead of meat, give low-fat varieties of river or sea fish (in the absence of an allergic reaction) - for example, hake or pollock. The introduction of fish into the diet should follow all the rules for introducing new complementary foods: from small amounts (5-10 g), gradually increasing the volume, observing tolerance (stool, skin condition). The daily intake of fish for a child of this age is about 25 - 30 g, which means that by offering fish a couple of times a week, you can give the child about 70 - 80 g of fish at a time. From drinks, prepare jelly, compote, fruit infusion or offer your child juice (both freshly squeezed and industrially produced, but always specialized for children).

For an afternoon snack(except for the baby cottage cheese and kefir already familiar to the baby) it is possible to cook dishes from cottage cheese (curd soufflé, cottage cheese with sour cream, closer to a year and a half (happy owners a large number teeth) - pancakes with cottage cheese (of course, not often - once a week). In addition, give juice or fruit puree, as well as low-fat varieties of cookies (for example, every other day). Pay attention to the need to use only specialized children's kefir and cottage cheese in the baby's diet (the quality control of the manufacture and composition of baby food is higher than that of "adult" products). But from the usual purchased cottage cheese, you can cook cottage cheese and soufflé (that is, it is worth offering the baby “adult” cottage cheese only after heat treatment).

Dinner a one-year-old baby may consist of a vegetable-meat or vegetable-cereal dish (options offered by domestic nutritionists - zucchini soufflé with meat puree, oatmeal porridge with pumpkin, stewed beets with apples, vegetable stew with meat puree) plus juice or fruit puree. The range of offered fruits (as well as purees and juices) at this age is replenished by introducing the so-called exotic fruits (for example, kiwi), as well as citrus fruits (oranges), strawberries, and other species (if the child has not tried them before) - gooseberries, raspberries , blackberries, cherries and cranberries. Usually the baby is offered no more than 100 ml of juice and no more than 100 g of fruit puree per day.

Before bedtime - breast milk or fermented milk drink (baby kefir).

The child's diet should not include(as much as my mother and especially grandparents would not like it) cakes, pastries, and even more so chocolates. If you really want to pamper your baby with something sweet, choose marshmallow, jam, jam (better if they are on fructose), marmalade.

And remember the basic rules: nutrition for a baby aged from one to one and a half years - four to five times a day, that is, with a break between feedings of about 4 hours. Try to keep the diet strictly enough so that the child develops conditioned reflex(that is, by a certain time the digestive system will be ready to accept and digest food). The calorie content of meals is different: the most high-calorie should be lunch, then in descending order - dinner, breakfast, afternoon tea. The daily amount of food (not counting the liquid) is 1000 - 1200 ml (such recommendations remain for about a year and a half).

Be sure to follow the rules for the introduction of new products, keep the food fresh and the cleanliness of the baby's dishes (as well as his and your hands) in order to avoid intestinal infection.

Gluten is a vegetable protein found in some cereals: rye, barley, oats, as well as in wheat, from which semolina is made, which can cause children early age damage to the cells of the small intestine - celiac disease and allergic reactions, since babies have a deficiency of the peptidase enzyme that breaks down gluten.